Immuno Histo Chemistry (IHC) implies the unique combination, specific antibodies based of three disciplines Immunology, Histology and Biochemistry for the identification of specific tissue antigens by using specific antibodiesbased on Immunological principles

Immunohistochemistry or Immunohistochemicalstainings is widely used in diagnosis of abnormal cells those are found in cancerous lesions. Specific molecular markers are characteristic of particular cellular events like cell proliferation or cell death.It is usually done on H&E sections or frozen sections.

Commonly Used Procedures:

• Peroxidase-Antiperoxidase Immune complex technique
• Biotin- AbidinImmuno enzymatic technique

Medical Application:

• Ascertain the diagnosis made by H&E stained sections where there is suspicious diagnosis.
• Analysis of uncertain origin of primary Tumor on the basis of H&E stain alone

Immuno Histo Chemical Markers:
Commonly used markers:

• Actin – Smooth muscle tumors
• Alkaline Phosphatase – Hepatic, Osseous, Renal, Placental or Germ cell tumors
• Alpha Keto Protein – For Germ cell, Yolk sac and Hepatic tumors
• BCA 225 – Breast tumor
• CA 125 – Cervical, Endometrial, Gastro Intestinal adenocarcinoma
• CEA – Adeno Carcinoma of GIT, Medullary Carcinoma of Thyroid
• Cytokeratin – For Epithelial differentiation
• EMA – Myethelioma. Mesotheliomas, Mesothelial tumors, Meningeal tumors
• GAPP – Astrocytic and Oligodendrocytic tumor, Peripheral Nerve tumors, Propoblastic tumors
• LCA – For differentiation of Lymphoid and Non-lymphoid neoplasm
• NSC – Neuroendocrine tumor like Carcinoid or Malignant Melanoma
• PSA – Prostatic adenocarcinoma
• S100 Protein – Glial Cell and Schwann cell tumor, Melanocytic tumor
• Thyroglobulin – Thyroid neoplasm

Instrumentation:

Fluorescent Microscope

Our Approach:

IHC test should be done under appropriate controls otherwise it is valueless or dangerous. We have a team of trained and skilled professionals who are well versed in handling of these complicated procedures

We are using it because currently Automated Immune staining systems are becoming mostly available and offer certain potential advantages over the existing manual techniques